ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Urinary catheter-related infection is commonly associated with bacterial biofilm. The impact of anaerobes is unknown, but their detection in the biofilm on this device has not been previously reported. This study aimed to evaluate the capability to recovery strict, facultative, and aerobic microorganisms in patients using bladder catheters from ICUs using conventional culture, sonication, urinary analysis, and mass spectrometry. Methods: Parallel, sonicated bladder catheters from 29 critically ill patients were compared with their routine urine culture. Identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: The positivity rate in urine (n = 2, 3.4%) was lower than that in sonicated catheters (n = 7, 13.8%). Conclusion: Bladder catheter sonication showed more positive culture results than urine samples for anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. The role of anaerobes in urinary tract infection and catheter biofilm is discussed.
Resumo Introdução: A infecção relacionada ao cateter urinário é comumente associada ao biofilme bacteriano. O impacto dos anaeróbios é desconhecido, mas sua detecção no biofilme deste dispositivo não foi relatada anteriormente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de recuperar microrganismos estritos, facultativos e aeróbios em pacientes que utilizam cateteres vesicais de UTIs utilizando cultura convencional, sonicação, análise urinária e espectrometria de massa. Métodos: Paralelamente, foram comparados cateteres vesicais sonicados de 29 pacientes gravemente enfermos com sua urocultura de rotina. A identificação foi realizada utilizando dessorção/ionização a laser assistida por matriz com espectrometria de massa por tempo de voo. Resultados: A taxa de positividade na urina (n = 2; 3,4%) foi inferior à dos cateteres sonicados (n = 7; 13,8%). Conclusão: A sonicação do cateter vesical apresentou resultados de cultura mais positivos do que as amostras de urina para microrganismos anaeróbios e aeróbios. É discutido o papel dos anaeróbios na infecção do trato urinário e no biofilme do cateter.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. Las infecciones nosocomiales en Unidades Neonatales son hechos frecuentes que obligan a contar con un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica que permita su detección y la toma de medidas para su prevención. Objetivo. Determinar la incidencia y distribución de las infecciones nosocomiales y la tasa de utilización de dispositivos en una Unidad de Cuidados Neonatales en comparación con estándares internacionales. Métodos. Estudio observacional y descriptivo de una cohorte prospectiva. Implementamos un programa de vigilancia en el que se agrupó a los neonatos según peso al nacer y se registró la utilización de catéteres centrales, asistencia respiratoria, nutrición parenteral y sonda vesical. Se calcularon los días/pacientes totales, las tasas de utilización de dispositivos y los episodios de infección nosocomial. Los datos se compararon con los del National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance. Resultados. Ingresaron 1530 recién nacidos a la Unidad de Cuidados Neonatales entre el 01/01/2006 y el 31/12/2008, sumando 22 237 días/paciente. Se identificaron 138 episodios de infección hospitalaria, tasa global ajustada 6,23 episodios por cada 1000 días/paciente. Las tasas globales de utilización de dispositivos fueron: catéter central 32,3%, asistencia respiratoria 14,2%, sonda vesical 4,6%. La tasa global de infección hospitalaria asociada a catéter central fue 8,6‰; todos los grupos arrojaron tasas acordes a las publicadas, excepto el grupo <1000 gramos (19,7‰), que superó el percentilo 90. Con respecto a neumonía asociada con respirador (tasa global 1,9‰), las tasas fueron equiparables. Conclusión. La descripción de la incidencia y distribución de las infecciones nosocomiales y su asociación con factores de riesgo pudieron ser determinadas y, en general, mostraron hallarse dentro de los percentilos publicados.
Introduction. Nosocomial infections in neonatal units are frequent and require having a surveillance program which allows detection and implementation of preventive strategies. Objective. To determine the incidence and distribution of hospital infections and the rate of use of devices in a neonatal unit compared with international standards. Methods. Epidemiological, observational, analytical, prospective cohort study. We developed and carried out a monitoring program, stratifying infants by birth weight, recording the use of central catheters, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition and bladder catheter. We calculated the total patient days, the device utilization rates and episodes of hospital infection. The data were compared with those of the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance. Results. 1530 infants were admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit from 01/01/2006 to 31/12/2008 totaling 22 237 days patients. We identified 138 episodes of hospital infections, adjusted overall rate 6.23 episodes per 1000 patient/days. Overall rates of devices' use were: central catheter 32.3%, mechanical ventilation 14.2%, bladder catheter 4.6%. The overall rate of nosocomial infection associated with central catheter was 8.6 ‰. All groups had rates within the published rates, except the group of infants <1000 grams (19.7 ‰), that exceeded the 90th percentile. With regard to ventilator associated pneumonia (overall rate 1.9‰), rates were comparable. Conclusion. The description of the occurrence and distribution of nosocomial infections and their association with risk factors could be determined and generally showed to be found within the published percentiles.